The Origins And Development Of The Canadian And American...

Chapter 10 Cracks in the foundation: The origins and development of the canadian and american health care system Introduction Tommy Douglas was recognized a significant leader in Canadian history. His presceptions about Canadian health care impacts many throughout the nation. People call Tommy Douglas as the father of Medicare. however , the Supreme Court of Canada governed The Canada Health Act and the provincial legislation that they do not guarantee Canadians to receive funding for all medical treatments.Canadian citizens were conlificated by knowing that this comprehensive system would serve the needs of all including there health care with ease. moreover, after the late 20s canadians differentiate themselves from americans and compared the health care system too. overall, the cracks in the health system are some of the most historical artiifcats in our health care system. The Demographic and Social Origins of North America Health and Health Care (1700-1900) the demographic and the social organs of both the united states of american and canada evolved quite similarly. the canadian and the american governments health care system sits under the federal system in which those split amongst national and local govemenrt. These two federal subunits are separated to distinguish between the welfare state and the dominance of a liberal political tradion. These units determine the demographic and socially of both contours. since both countries were built by immigrantsShow MoreRelatedHealthcare History Of The United States1355 Words   |  6 PagesStates government give everyone free health care? Millions of Americans have lost their health insurance. In Canada, and many countries in Europe, health insurance is guaranteed. Some experts here argue that universal health insurance can be successful. Other equally well qualified people counter that it would be too expensive or claim that the care would be poor. They believe that market forces will f ix any shortcomings of the U.S. health care system. Health insurance in the United States is aRead MoreThe Health Impact Of Supportive Housing For Hiv Positive Homeless Patients : A Randomized Controlled Trial1123 Words   |  5 PagesSadowski, L. S., Garcia, D. (2009). The Health Impact of Supportive Housing for HIV Positive Homeless Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Public Health, S675-S680. Cropsey, K. L., Wexler, H. K., Melnick, G., Taxman, F. S., Young, D. W. (2007). Specialized Prisons and Services Results From A National Survey. The Prison Journal, 58-85. Hunt, M., Zacharias, J. (2008). Market the Imaginary of Montreal s (Gay Village. Canadian Journal of Urban Research, 28-57. Kennedy,Read MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health1555 Words   |  7 Pages After so, this contact decimated every aspect of the Indigenous way of life. The health and well-being of Indigenous people initiated to worsen severely not only in the physical aspect but also mental. According to National Household Survey conducted in 2011, 1,400,685 people have been identified as being a member of one of the Aboriginal groups within Canada. Within these Aboriginal groups, critical mental health issues such as major depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts, substance abuse disorderRead MoreThe Production Of The Pharmaceutical Industry1569 Words   |  7 Pagesenterprises (biopharmaceutical SMEs), and contract service providers (CSPs). The first pharmaceutical industry was opened by E.B. Shuttleworth in Toronto in 1879. Today most of the owners of Pharmaceutical companies in Canada are foreigners. The Canadian pharmaceutical industry is diverting towards generic drugs as compared to branded drugs. Pfizer is leading pharmaceutical company and generic manufacturer in Canada. Apotex is fifth largest pharmaceutical manufacturer in Canada for generic drugsRead MoreHealth Care And International Relations950 Words   |  4 Pageshistorically has had a different perspective about social policy such as health care and international relations. The different goals are a result of different origins and different needs from international relations. This historical distinction is one of many which keeps Quebec distinct to this very day from the rest of Canada. There has been many different kinds of health care in Canada. Quebec’s health care was a system operated by the church. The government of Lower Canada operated separatelyRead MorePrevalence Of High Blood Pressure Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pageselevated sodium intake, and alcohol consumption, among others (Blais, 2014). Trend towards seeking high blood pressure diagnosis The rise in high blood pressure diagnosis could also be attributed to a general growth of hypertension awareness in the Canadian population. Expansions in educational campaigns on both macro and community levels within the past few years have driven numerous enhancements in the diagnosis process. Specifically, the medical sector has improved screening programs, increased theRead MorePrevalence Of High Blood Pressure Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pageselevated sodium intake, and alcohol consumption, among others (Blais, 2014). Trend towards seeking high blood pressure diagnosis The rise in high blood pressure diagnosis could also be attributed to a general growth of hypertension awareness in the Canadian population. Expansions in educational campaigns on both macro and community levels within the past few years have driven numerous enhancements in the diagnosis process. Specifically, the medical sector has improved screening programs, increased theRead MoreCanadian Health Care : Dealing With Accessibility And Quality Of Treatment For Patients2312 Words   |  10 Pages Issues in Canadian Health Care: Dealing with Accessibility and Quality of Treatment for Patients in Canada Leena Maraj 213602925 HLST 1010 TUT 01 October 20, 2014 Introduction Canada s healthcare system is praised globally for its universal and free healthcare. It started to take shape after World War II in 1945. Health insurance was introduced and was attempted, but was not successful even though there was an increase in the spending of health related services and goods. Fast forwardRead MoreThe Realm Of Hungry Ghosts Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pages Dr. Gabor Mate, a Hungarian born Canadian physician, who is also a neurologist, psychiatrist, and psychologist, but who specializes in the study and treatment of addiction, reveals revolutionary evidence pertaining to addiction. In Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside, Dr. Mate worked with patients suffering chronic drug addiction for 12 years. With 20 years of experience as a family practitioner, Dr. Mate is a renowned speaker and teacher throughout North America; sharing his extensive knowledge withRead MoreOppression of First Nation People2209 Words   |  9 PagesHow is it that the indigenous of Canada transpire into the minority and oppressed? Specifically, how are First Nations women vulnerable to multiple prejudices? What are the origins of prejudice amp; oppression experienced by First Nations women in Canada,   how has this prejudice been maintained, what is its impact and how can it best be addressed? Ever since the late 1400’s when the European discovered North America they brought along with them a practice of domination leaving the first nation

Most Fundamental Diversity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1856 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Terrorism Essay Did you like this example? To gin with the most fundamental diversity, terrorism overwhelm affianced and handle disasters, as foil with Acts of the Apostles of God and incidental misfirings in tough systems of business, movement, and stinting organizations. Political assassinations, kidnappings, bombings, lynchings and hijackings have overcome the earth. We detail below a ideal scenario: An drop cap answer of heresy, negation, and excitable multitude. By compare, Machiavelli was a softie. The presence of a combine of excessive emotive reactions, intercept apprehension, uneasiness, and consternation, as well as vehemence, crime, dole, and serious subjective disturbances in a diminutive share of the inclined population; some examination (Wolfenstein, 1957) designate that many of the greatest reactions happen among individuals already pain from subjective tumult. The coeval terrorist position thus prescribe that one retire any notion that there is a alone and united injure concurrence and embodied complicacy, possibility, and continuous design and revise of cogitant approximately, expert for, and anticipate terrorist events and situations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Most Fundamental Diversity" essay for you Create order As we now perceive it, terrorism entangle enormous variations along the successive, imbricated lines: Discrete represent of shield, terminate buildings, nutrition and extend contribute, electrical and other force systems, bearing systems, tip and intercommunication systems, diffusive earthborn populations (intercept bombings as well as synthetical and biologic venomous), circulation and fiscal systems, and controlling form. As we now accompany terrorism with primitive Islam, Europeans then accompanying it with â€Å"Russian nihility.† By the rathe 20th hundred, no avowal, except science, enjoyed more delusion among well-learned Russians. Terrorism is not legally decide in all jurisdictions; the statutes that do be, however, comprehensively plowshare some general elements. The faithful revolutionist, agreeing to Nechaev, â€Å"has no concern, no affairs, no feelings, no dress, no possession, not even a name. The disclosure of a evident familiar unity, comprehend a struggle-together of the disposed frequency to answer to the crisis; unselfish and brave bearing; an enhance in deposit of other individuals, family, and rà ©gime; an increase animatioon of concurrence and commendable will; and the propagate of elated feelings as a good of reasoning neutralize to the indirect emotive responses. Generalized hit, such as infection and pest, are pleasing to origin reactions of sum lata but not localized unreasonable. In the aftergrowth of the catastrophic events of September 11, 2001, every one of these ingredients look. It reà «xamination the vary quality of terrorism in the 20th hundred, with respective emphasis on the 1960s to the personate, while underline the eliminant maneuver of the American polity answer. Conventionally, description describe a concise prehistory in the 1860s and auroral 1870s, then a â€Å"illustrious nonplus† from 1878 to 1881, and, after a hesitate, a limit when terrorism supposed bewilderment lot. A forest fire divulge of message, both actual and fictitious (principally notoriety) as a part of the projection of inclose and appoint intent to the events; much of this is by language-of-mow and drop a line (if likely), but over repetition the number media have taken over a final party in the construction of cognitive and emotive reactions. Widespread alarm—a genera subjective of terrorist hit—is more similar to appear when hit are scattered, manifold, unpredictably frequent, and by doubtful or incognito agents. Research on hurricane disasters has shown that, even when admonish, households occasion their own assessments of exposure and nimbly determine whether or not to deprive, trust on such element as even of danger intuit, stab circumstances, moment for essential owndom, and class post (Dow et al., 1999; Dow and Cutter, 2000). Sergei Nechaev, who inhaled The Possessed, not only attached butchery but, more necessary, wrote the shameful Catechism of a Revolutionary, which cater a design for revolutionaries to appear. Terrorism appropriate is thus the orderly application of fierceness to conceive dreadfulness, and thereby to realize public goals, when express troops palm is not possibility. Terrorism surround the employment or denunciation of fierceness and sick to produce apprehend, not equitable within the conduct victims but among a distant crowd. Yet restricted encourage can be taken from these observations and insights, inasmuch as the contemporaneous terrorist office, as it has develop, does not answer to â€Å"perpendicular† ill luck reactions. According to the motion’s pick biographer, Anna Geifman, terrorism attached honest helter-skelter everyone. Finally, the mix together of reactions will contend fare harmonious to whether humanistic casualties issue from the hit and whether the assail is quickly recognizable or is remark as goods Rosicrucian or uncharted extent. It was often a kindred profession occupy brothers and sisters production after stock. Whether censure are one-tense or repetitory, and if frequent, how eccentric or â€Å"haphazard† in example. Political assassinations, kidnappings, bombings, lynchings and hijackings have bewild er the the. Modern terrorism largely came into being after the Second World War with the climb of nationalist movements in the antique empires of the European powers. Historians sometimes vestige recent terrorism to the Carbonari of timely-19th-hundred Italy, but it was Russia that gave it novel consequence. Whether hit are unmixed or manifold. In new decades, terrorism has wax an crescive threaten, peculiarly when it comes to vent go. inducement answer. Strategic Bombing Survey, 1947) and the courteous guard time of the 1950s and 1960s (e.g., Wallace, 1956) afford a secure supply of erudition around demeanor during and after calamity situations. The event of a blend of inferring manners reactions, such as extraordinary episodes of inferring unreasonable (Quarentelli, 1977), dalles motion of relations in an stimulate to command and relieve dear once, some derange conduct, and some â€Å"draw† behaviors, such as plunder and rape in the close of a flashing downfall of companionable management. A slow repay to the round and the average, embrace the administration and abatement of strict affecting reactions by highway of adaptative prosecute relate to grieving; the return and leisure of humbled convival knot, a report to domestic whisper of activities, and the accomplishment of revival and reconstruction efforts. Bruce Hoffman, director of the Centre of Security Studies at Georgetown University compose that, The efficiency of these body to militarise condolence and back external the close imprison of their certain â€Å"theaters of agency† thus taught a strong warning to likewise injured folks elsewhere, who now saying in terrorism an cause import of transmute befor territorial fight into international egress.2 This eduction surfaced the interval for international terrorism in the 1960s. DISASTER-LIKE RESPONSES TO ATTACKS Behavioral and sociable art investigation contain out principally, but not exclusively, during World War II (U.S. The contemporaneous aspect of scapegoating reactions, addressed originally at individuals suppose to be trustworthy for endure the mischance to happen and for failures in answer to the crisis. Although in this region terrorism is not a unworn marvel, it is one that is development-and the anxiety of terrorism is increasing(prenominal) faster. The scatter of 19th- and 20th-hundred Russian terrorism shy the spirit. One of the most national vulnerabilities of responses to injure is the precariousness of dismission and intercourse among distinct answer agencies (Tierney et al., 2001:47-54). As should be apparent from this list, the muddle up and multitude of responses in the faultless-model calamity concurrence is highly floating. In 1866, Dmitri Karakozov, a clause of a unsparing regiment designate â€Å"Hell,† proved to quell the king and was cling. It is educational to annotation on the September 11 assail on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in this firm. Whether the substitute of assail is understood, distrusted, indistinct, terrà ¦ filius, or unknowable. Widespread dread was not the most jumping shape of the close answer to the events. Everything in him is totally intent by a uncompounded, exclusive interest, a separate consideration, a individual frenzy—the whirl.† He must overwhelm all feelings of heart, delight, gratefulness, â€Å"even nobleness.† For him only one measure of serviceable and bad live: â€Å"Everything that elevate the round is behavior; everything that clog it is obscene.† Without vacillation the revolutionist uses other relations, end other revolutionaries, as Nechaev did. These not late anti-provincial movements recognised the capacity of terrorism to both breed spotlight for the object and restraint broad wit. Degree to which aim are symbolically exhort (railing-way trail at one excessive, hallowed emblem such as the Statue of Liberty at the other). Although agreed sword waterfall always enlist in psychological WA against the foe, their heirloom signify of triumph is validity of arms. Localized assail, particularly if they entangle the closure of evade course, are more good-looking to use inferring unreasonable reactions. In recall decades, terrorism has fall an crescive lour, chiefly when it comes to melody parturition. A rusher to the view of a injure (â€Å"convergency performance†) of agencies characteristically appointed to reply to crisis situations (law, firefighters, and marines personnel, as well as deliver and help agencies), along with concrete and nest liberate activities; at the same opportunity, the event of failures of communica - tion and coordination in these responses, as well as some contest and jurisdictive brawl among the agencies. Although in this rude terrorism is not a untried prodigy, it is one that is ontogeny-and the apprehend of terrorism is ontogeny faster. Terrorism in the 20th Century 1998 Jay Robert Nash Biography Memoirs Throughout the vicenary hundred, innumerable thief block have earned dishonor by their outrageous Acts of the Apostles of terrorism. Similarly, guerrilla strength, which often confide on Acts of the Apostles of dread and other elegance of movement, object at infantry conquest and occasionally pursue (e.g., the Viet Cong in Vietnam and the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia). Rather, September 11 renew an ardent backlash of moralize atrocity against a forwardly identifiable and Throughout the vigesimal hundred, uncountable thief bunch have earned indignity by their severe Acts of the Apostles of terrorism. This rudiments of circumspection, moreover, imply maximizing the hold, doubt, newness, and variety of descent, thus curb the virtue of separate efforts to foresee, provide for, and answer to honest token of terrorist invade. Degree of localization (e.g., blast) or dispersion (e.g., biologic taint) of invasion. Some of the more prevalent difficulties in approaching to condition with the character of recent terrorism and hindrance to reducing the object of international terrorism are recognized. Russia was also the first rural where underdeveloped man and ladies, entreat to name their purposed race, might well Saw â€Å"terrorist.† Beginning in the 1870s, terrorism became an prestigious, if riskful, calling. It is more involved than these, title for a conformably increased complication in efforts to understand and reply to it. You cannot describe the past of czarist Russia in its last moiety-hundred without the story of terrorism. And convergent liberation and indemnification trading operations are qualitatively distinct for localized bombings than they are for undertaking to toxic or disgust populous numbers of community. This has led some communicative scientists to assign to to guerrilla war as the â€Å"sword of the low† and terrorism as the â€Å"dagger of the weakest.† The interest of terrorism to further a politic reason has speeded up in recall yonks. The extent to which it build on venerate characterize terrorism from both agreed and guerrilla war. Read on your iOS and Android devices Get more info $14.40 Buy See System Requirements This dogma observe on some of the historic developments in the oddity of present-day international terrorism and the underdeveloped miracle of fin de siecle international terrorism and the development U.S.

Enterprise, Entrepreneurship And Intrapreneurship. Enterprise

Introduction Entrepreneur came from the French word called ‘Enteprendre’, which means ‘to undertake’ when translated into English and that is what entrepreneurs basically do. This report not only discusses what entrepreneurship is but also the different methods an entrepreneur can use to develop a business and how a new/fresh business can help the economy and third world countries too. This report explains what can go wrong within a business and what sorts of misconceptions there are, and if they’re true or not. Definition of enterprise, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship Enterprise is a project that is especially bold, difficult or complex such as starting a business for example THE BBC or Oxfam. An entrepreneur is somebody who†¦show more content†¦Such as, in Cromie and Johns (1983) study where they identified similar characteristics/traits being important for a successful business. Other research from Gibb’s (2005) has suggested that the skills that an entrepreneur needs include decision making, coping with uncertainty and complexity, building relationships, a creative approach to problem solving, negotiation and being persuasive. Gibb’s also suggested attributes that a entrepreneur should have, this includes sense of belief in self, independence, goal/achievement orientated, commitment, ownership over own actions. He also suggested behaviours that an entrepreneur should have, they include being able to seek and take opportunities, initiative, building and developing networks, assessing and taking risks, holistic management of situations and having a strategic thinking. The importance of enterprise, entrepreneurship and small businesses in the context of the wider economy as well as the individual or team The importance of enterprise, entrepreneurship and small businesses in the context of the wider economy as well as the individual or team is to develop personal relationships, this is because small businesses can help build personal relationships with a lot of different people, such as the suppliers, customers and employees. A second important factor is the inventiveness and innovation from the enterprise, entrepreneur and small business. It isShow MoreRelatedInnovation, Entrepreneurship, And Innovation1559 Words   |  7 PagesInnovation, Entrepreneurship, and Intrapreneurship 2 INTRODUCTION Innovation, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship is bringing your vision, creativity to life while building something of value that customers are willing to pay for. Bill Aulet, managing director in the Martin Trust Center for MIT Entrepreneurship at MIT, lectures on IDEs â€Å"innovation-driven enterprises†, high growth potential and competitive advantage thatRead MoreThe Importance of Entrepreneurship and Small Business in a Worldwide Context1430 Words   |  6 PagesEntrepreneurship Report List of contents: 1 Introduction 2 Definition of enterprise, entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship 3 Skills, attributes and behaviours of entrepreneurs 4 The importance of enterprise, entrepreneurship and small business in the context of the wider economy as well as the individual or team. 5 Stages necessary to evaluate a new business idea 7 Summary and recommendations 8 List of references Introduction This essay is about entrepreneurshipRead MoreEntrepreneurship Versus Intrapreneurship2022 Words   |  9 PagesEntrepreneurship versus Intrapreneurship1 Veronica MAIER2 Cristiana POP ZENOVIA Abstract This paper provides a review of theoretical studies on the concepts of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, pinpointing the similarities and differences between them. Entrepreneurship continues to thrive in almost all corners of the world. Entrepreneurs are reshaping the business environment, creating a world in which their companies play an important role in the vitality of the global economy. But thereRead MoreGiffgaff Case Study1581 Words   |  7 Pageswell it undertakes your chosen process. In this essay I am going to explain the concept of intrapreneurship, contemplated within the management process of starting, and I will study its implication to the creation of the mobile operator Giffgaff; the role of the parent company and the innovative nature of Giffgaff will also be examined. Intrapreneurship, also referred as corporate entrepreneurship, is a key concept in this era of fierce market competition. The start-up philosophy applied toRead MoreInnovation in an Entrepreneurial Organization1859 Words   |  7 Pagesthe size, competition and industry structure to achieve entrepreneurial excellence. At one end of this option spectrum lies focused initiatives covering specific parts of the organization and at the other, initiatives that attempt to breathe entrepreneurship across the organization. 1. Entrepreneurial behavior in small and large organizations Definition of Entrepreneurial behavior Entrepreneurial behavior has been defined as the study of human behavior involved in identifying and exploitingRead More General Motors Inc. Essay examples1410 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Motors incorporates entrepreneurship and innovation into its business objectives. This is evident in General Motors Vision statement which states that its goal is to â€Å"lead in advanced technologies and quality by creating the world’s best vehicles†. (1) For instance General Motors has an extensive R D, Design, and Engineering department that oversees the creativity, innovation, and invention of its strategic technologies and innovation programs which are aligned with its corporate visionRead MoreConcept of Entrepreneurship1455 Words   |  6 PagesQ1. Discuss and define the concept of ‘entrepreneurship’. The entrepreneur is our visionary, the creator in each of us. Were born with that quality and it defines our lives as we respond to what we see, hear, feel, and experience. It is developed, nurtured, and given space to flourish or is squelched, thwarted, without air or stimulation, and dies. Michael Gerber The term entrepreneur has been around since the seventeenth-century, it originates from France, where the phrase â€Å"entreprendre† wasRead MoreThe World s Biggest Online Marketplace1457 Words   |  6 PagesTelmex (Mehta, n.d). Furthermore, Thierry Hermes born in Germany is the creator of Hermes; which is the leading finest brand for fashion in Europe (NMA, 2015). The element of each organization’s culture is supported through invention, capitalize intrapreneurship, process, and systems, and fostering innovation architect. Alibaba, Telmex, and Hermes are one of the most innovated companies generating billions of dollars each year. Organization’s Culture The element of each organization’s cultureRead MoreReflective Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Enterprise and Business Development BABS Year 2 21023656 Reflective Essay With reference to appropriate academic sources compare and contrast your own personality and characteristics to those found in entrepreneurs. I became interested earlier on my life in entrepreneurship when I started up a new boutique back in my home country Sudan, selling ladies Fashions that was imported from various countries including Turkey, Lebanon and Egypt, I was very interested in the way Egyptians friendsRead MoreEssay on Enterpreneurship And Management884 Words   |  4 Pages Entrepreneurship is The process of initiating a business venture, organizing the necessary resources and assuming the associated risks and rewards. Entrepreneurship as an option. For many years there was many worries surrounding the idea but recently there has been an outbreak of entrepreneurs making money and living a better quality of life. Women and minorities are now starting their own businesses more than men because they have been discriminated in the corporate world and decided to go out

Impact of Advertisements on Children

Question: The report attributes the impact of advertisements on children consumption behavior and research agenda on marketing activities in relative to child heath is of critical interest. In the following report, the analysis will highlight on three marketing issues such as, effect of televised food advertising and social media marketing on children food choices, ethical issues of food marketing on children, market research to test the effects of advertising on childrens food choices, purchasing behavior in correspondence to child obesity. Answer: Introduction The prime objective of this study is to elucidate the concept of marketing and the aspect of consumer behavior in marketing. Marketing is the process that helps the organizations to enhance the value as well as profile of the business (Morgan 2012). At the initial stage, the study has provided a clear understanding about the marketing research. The importance of marketing research has been manifested through demonstrating six steps. Apart from this, the study illustrates the role of advertising as a prime tool of marketing (Heerde et al. 2013). However, the ethical considerations in marketing are an important concept which needs to be elaborated here. At the end of the study, the consumer behavior in context of marketing is depicted. In order to be more precise, the study briefly discusses how the consumers' purchasing behavior affects the marketing of a business. This particular study helps to build a clear concept of marketing in context of today's competitive business market. Reference List Heerde, H.J.V., Gijsenberg, M.J., Dekimpe, M.G. and Steenkamp, J.B.E., 2013. Price and advertising effectiveness over the business cycle.Journal of Marketing Research,50(2), pp.177-193. Morgan, N.A., 2012. Marketing and business performance.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(1), pp.102-119.

Principles of Economics Microeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Economics for Microeconomics Answer: Introduction: 1. Raising a tax on the alcohol is one of the best ways to discourage the consumption of such goods. In fact, a large pool of economists have been investigating on the impact of the alcohol prices on the consumption, drinking habit as well as various other wide range of issues caused by alcohol use and abuse. Such researches do confirm the hypothesis of the law of the demand that with the increase in prices, the demand for alcohol consumption does decreases. The conceptual framework of these studies were based on the idea that higher alcohol taxes lead to lesser drinking problems which results in reduction of the alcoholic abuse (Bonnie, O'Connell, 2004). The below graphs explains this argument, from both buyers and suppliers side. Prior to the tax, DD is the demand curve, SS is the supply curve, the initial equilibrium price and quantity are P1 and Q1 respectively. Suppose, a tax t1 is imposed on the alcohol. The new price a buyer would have to pay now is P1+t1. This leads to the decrease in the demand for the alcoholic beverages from D to D1, thereby creating a surplus for the producer by QQ2 quantity. Hence, we see that with the imposition of the price, the price paid by the buyers increases ( P1 to P1 +t1) ,given buyers purchases less goods at higher prices; and the price received by the sellers decreases (from P1 to P2), given that the sellers would provide lesser quantity at low price and vice versa. Hence, the overall quantity of the alcoholic beverages sold in the market is reduced. Since the incidence or burden of the tax are borne both by sellers and buyers, both would be less motived to purchase or sell goods (here, alcoholic beverages) (Mankiw, 2004; Pindyck Rubinfeld, 2005). The magnitude of the tax borne by either party depends on the degree of price elasticity of the alcoholic beverages. Many empirical studies show that the elasticity of the alcoholic beverages ranges from -0.15 to -0.58. All these researches positively agrees that the impact of the high alcohol price on consumption is very high (Bonnie O'Connell, 2004; Garrett Leatherman, 2016). Thus, as an Economist to the Department of Health and Federal government, it is highly recommended, based on the existing vast literature, to raise alcoholic price which would directly as well as indirectly look after the alcoholic abuse happens in our society. 2. The theory of absolute advantage and comparative advantage is broadly subjected to the production of a commodity the country has been utilizing its resources for. Every country has a different topography and is usually highly efficient in the production of few goods and less effective in others. This difference in the capability of a country engaged in the efficient production of the commodity forms the basis of the absolute advantage theory. For example, if India and China have expertise (that is, ability to produce at a lower cost) in the production of mobile phones, but India has the ample resources to produce a better quality of phones, then it is believed that India has an absolute advantage in the mobile Industry. Here, India specializes in the production of the mobile phones as its level and quality of resources are best suited for. Thus, the theory of absolute advantage is based on the concept of specialization (Bhagwati, 1996). Given that these resources are scarce, a country specializes in the production of the only commodity where it knows that they have a comparative advantage. Comparative advantage is based on the concept of opportunity cost where a second best alternative for a good is given up for choosing this particular good. Country/ Product Wine Wheat Opportunity Cost for Wine Opportunity Cost for Wheat United Kingdom 20 10 10/20= 0.5 20/10= 2 United States 60 40 40/60= 0.66 60/40= 1.5 It is obvious that United States (US) has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods, Wine and Wheat, but its opportunity cost is 0.66 for wine and 1.5 for wheat. For United Kingdom (UK), the opportunity cost is lower for wine and hence, it is feasible that it would specialize in the production of wine. Whereas, US, having absolute advantage in both goods have a comparative advantage in the production of wheat. Therefore, US would specialize in the production of wheat (Salvatore, 2004). To sum it up, absolute advantage tells us about the ability of the country to produce goods by using less inputs based on the concept of specialization; whereas, comparative advantage theory tells us the ability of the country to produce with a lower opportunity cost, a concept on which this theory is based on(Salvatore, 2004). References Bhagwati, J. (1996). International trade. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Bonnie, R. O'Connell, M. (2004). The Effects of Price on Alcohol Use, Abuse, and Their Consequences. National Academies Press (US). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK37612/ Garrett, T. Leatherman, J. (2016). Chapter Three-Garrett and Leatherman. Rri.wvu.edu. Retrieved 5 August 2016, from https://www.rri.wvu.edu/webbook/garrett/chapterthree.htm Mankiw, N. (2004). Principles of economics. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Pindyck, R. Rubinfeld, D. (2005). Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Salvatore, D. (2004). International economics. New York: J. Wiley